Top Cardiology MCQs for FCPS and MRCP Preparation…;

Preparing for postgraduate medical examinations requires more than simply memorizing facts. Success in FCPS and MRCP depends on understanding clinical concepts, applying evidence-based medicine, and practicing high-quality multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Therefore, solving the right MCQs for FCPS and MRCP can significantly improve your clinical reasoning and exam performance.

Cardiology remains one of the highest-yield subjects in both examinations. Questions commonly focus on electrocardiography (ECG), acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiovascular pharmacology. Consequently, regular MCQ practice strengthens knowledge while improving speed and confidence during the examination.

Top Cardiology MCQs for FCPS and MRCP

MCQ 1

A 58-year-old man presents with severe central chest pain lasting one hour. ECG shows ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded?

A. Left Main Coronary Artery
B. Left Anterior Descending Artery
C. Right Coronary Artery
D. Circumflex Artery

Correct Answer: C. Right Coronary Artery

Inferior wall myocardial infarction is usually caused by occlusion of the right coronary artery. Therefore, ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF strongly suggests RCA involvement.

MCQ 2

Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction?

A. CK-MB
B. LDH
C. Troponin I
D. AST

Correct Answer: C. Troponin I

Troponin I is highly sensitive and specific for myocardial injury. Consequently, it has become the preferred biomarker in modern cardiology practice.

MCQ 3

Which drug should be administered immediately in acute STEMI unless contraindicated?

A. Aspirin
B. Digoxin
C. Amiodarone
D. Verapamil

Correct Answer: A. Aspirin

Early administration of aspirin significantly reduces mortality by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, every suspected STEMI patient should receive aspirin unless contraindications exist.

MCQ 4

Which heart valve is most commonly affected by rheumatic heart disease?

A. Pulmonary Valve
B. Aortic Valve
C. Mitral Valve
D. Tricuspid Valve

Correct Answer: C. Mitral Valve

Rheumatic fever most frequently damages the mitral valve, resulting in mitral stenosis or mitral regurgitation.

MCQ 5

Which arrhythmia carries the greatest risk of sudden cardiac death if untreated?

A. Sinus Tachycardia
B. Atrial Flutter
C. Ventricular Fibrillation
D. First-Degree AV Block

Correct Answer: C. Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation produces no effective cardiac output. Consequently, immediate defibrillation is lifesaving.

MCQ 6

Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated during pregnancy?

A. Methyldopa
B. Labetalol
C. Nifedipine
D. Enalapril

Correct Answer: D. Enalapril

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy because they may cause fetal renal abnormalities and other congenital complications.

MCQ 7

Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?

A. Delta Wave
B. Peaked T Waves
C. ST Depression
D. U Waves

Correct Answer: B. Peaked T Waves

Hyperkalemia classically produces tall, narrow, peaked T waves. As potassium levels continue to rise, QRS widening and ventricular arrhythmias may occur.

MCQ 8

Which medication has been shown to improve survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?

A. Digoxin Alone
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Verapamil
D. Diltiazem

Correct Answer: B. ACE Inhibitors

ACE inhibitors reduce mortality, improve symptoms, and slow disease progression in patients with HFrEF.

For additional cardiology learning, you can also read our articles on
Heart Health in Diabetes
and
Can Stress Really Cause Heart Problems?,
which explain important cardiovascular concepts frequently tested in postgraduate examination.

More High-Yield Cardiology MCQs for FCPS and MRCP

MCQ 9

Which murmur is classically associated with aortic stenosis?

A. Early diastolic murmur
B. Pansystolic murmur
C. Ejection systolic murmur radiating to the carotids
D. Continuous machinery murmur

Correct Answer: C. Ejection systolic murmur radiating to the carotids

Aortic stenosis typically presents with a harsh ejection systolic murmur that radiates toward the carotid arteries. Therefore, careful auscultation remains an important clinical skill.

MCQ 10

Which antihypertensive drug is considered first-line in most patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction?

A. Verapamil
B. ACE Inhibitor
C. Digoxin
D. Hydrochlorothiazide

Correct Answer: B. ACE Inhibitor

ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and hospital admissions. Consequently, they form the foundation of guideline-directed therapy.

MCQ 11

Which ECG finding is most suggestive of acute pericarditis?

A. ST depression only
B. Diffuse ST elevation with PR depression
C. Pathological Q waves
D. Peaked T waves

Correct Answer: B. Diffuse ST elevation with PR depression

MCQ 12

The drug of choice for stable angina symptom relief is:

A. Nitroglycerin
B. Digoxin
C. Adenosine
D. Atropine

Correct Answer: A. Nitroglycerin

MCQ 13

Which congenital heart disease is known as the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A. ASD
B. VSD
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. PDA

Correct Answer: C. Tetralogy of Fallot

MCQ 14

Which electrolyte abnormality commonly causes U waves on ECG?

A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia

MCQ 15

Which medication is recommended for rapid rate control in stable atrial fibrillation?

A. Adenosine
B. Metoprolol
C. Atropine
D. Lidocaine

Correct Answer: B. Metoprolol

MCQ 16

Which investigation is considered the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease?

A. ECG
B. Echocardiography
C. Coronary Angiography
D. Chest X-ray

Correct Answer: C. Coronary Angiography

Quick High-Yield Revision Table

Preparation Tips for FCPS and MRCP

• Practice MCQs every day instead of studying only textbooks.
• Review explanations carefully, even after answering correctly.
• Focus on current ESC, ACC, and AHA guideline recommendations.
• Interpret ECGs daily to improve pattern recognition.
• Revise cardiovascular pharmacology regularly.
• Solve previous FCPS and MRCP recall questions.
• Study clinical scenarios rather than isolated facts.

Recommended Reading

• Heart Health in Diabetes
• Can Stress Really Cause Heart Problems?
• European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
• American Heart Association (AHA)
• https://www.medicalsweb.com/smoking/

MCQ 17

Which antiarrhythmic drug is preferred for stable ventricular tachycardia?

A. Digoxin
B. Adenosine
C. Amiodarone
D. Verapamil

Answer: C. Amiodarone

Amiodarone is commonly used for stable ventricular tachycardia because it suppresses ventricular arrhythmias effectively.

MCQ 18

Which lipid abnormality is the strongest risk factor for coronary artery disease?

A. High HDL
B. Elevated LDL cholesterol
C. Low triglycerides
D. High VLDL only

Answer: B. Elevated LDL cholesterol

LDL cholesterol promotes atherosclerosis. Therefore, lowering LDL remains a major treatment goal.

MCQ 19

Which heart sound is associated with heart failure?

A. S1
B. S2
C. S3 Gallop
D. Opening Snap

Answer: C. S3 Gallop

An S3 gallop suggests volume overload and is commonly heard in systolic heart failure.

MCQ 20

Which ECG lead best reflects the anterior wall of the heart?

A. II, III, aVF
B. V1–V4
C. I and aVL
D. V5–V6

Answer: B. V1–V4

Anterior wall myocardial infarction typically produces ST elevation in leads V1 through V4.

MCQ 21

Which investigation is most useful for assessing left ventricular ejection fraction?

A. Chest X-ray
B. ECG
C. Echocardiography
D. Cardiac Enzymes

Answer: C. Echocardiography

Echocardiography provides accurate assessment of ventricular size, function, and ejection fraction.

MCQ 22

Which condition commonly causes atrial fibrillation?

A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Appendicitis
D. Peptic ulcer disease

Answer: A. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism increases sympathetic activity and is a recognized reversible cause of atrial fibrillation.

MCQ 23

Which drug is the antidote for warfarin overdose with major bleeding?

A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Calcium Gluconate

Answer: C. Vitamin K

Vitamin K reverses the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. In severe bleeding, prothrombin complex concentrate may also be required.

MCQ 24

Which murmur increases during inspiration?

A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Aortic Stenosis
C. Tricuspid Regurgitation
D. Mitral Stenosis

Answer: C. Tricuspid Regurgitation

Right-sided murmurs become louder during inspiration because venous return increases.

MCQ 25

Which medication should routinely be prescribed after myocardial infarction unless contraindicated?

A. Aspirin
B. Antibiotics
C. Prednisolone
D. Verapamil

Answer: A. Aspirin

Aspirin reduces recurrent cardiovascular events and remains a cornerstone of secondary prevention.

MCQ 26

Which arrhythmia is characterized by an irregularly irregular pulse?

A. Atrial Flutter
B. Sinus Tachycardia
C. Atrial Fibrillation
D. AVNRT

Answer: C. Atrial Fibrillation

An irregularly irregular rhythm without distinct P waves is the hallmark of atrial fibrillation.

MCQ 27

Which medication is recommended for high-intensity lipid lowering after acute coronary syndrome?

A. Simvastatin 10 mg
B. Atorvastatin 80 mg
C. Gemfibrozil
D. Niacin

Answer: B. Atorvastatin 80 mg

High-intensity statin therapy is recommended following acute coronary syndrome according to current guidelines.

MCQ 28

Which congenital heart disease produces a machinery murmur?

A. ASD
B. VSD
C. PDA
D. TOF

Answer: C. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A continuous machinery murmur is characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus.

MCQ 29

The most common cause of infective endocarditis is:

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Salmonella
D. Klebsiella

Answer: B. Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is now the leading cause of infective endocarditis in many populations.

MCQ 30

Which ECG change is commonly seen in hypocalcemia?

A. Short QT interval
B. Prolonged QT interval
C. Tall T waves
D. ST elevation

Answer: B. Prolonged QT Interval

Hypocalcemia prolongs ventricular repolarization, resulting in QT prolongation.

MCQ 31

Which beta-blocker has proven mortality benefit in chronic heart failure?

A. Atenolol
B. Carvedilol
C. Propranolol
D. Esmolol

Answer: B. Carvedilol

Carvedilol, bisoprolol, and sustained-release metoprolol improve survival in HFrEF.

MCQ 32

Which condition is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?

A. Rheumatic Heart Disease
B. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
C. Mitral Valve Prolapse
D. Atrial Septal Defect

Answer: B. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Therefore, early diagnosis and risk assessment are extremely important.

MCQ 33

Which medication is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?

A. Adenosine
B. Amiodarone
C. Atropine
D. Digoxin

Answer: C. Atropine

Atropine is recommended as the initial drug for symptomatic bradycardia. However, temporary pacing may become necessary if atropine is ineffective.

MCQ 34

Which valve lesion produces a mid-diastolic murmur with an opening snap?

A. Mitral Stenosis
B. Mitral Regurgitation
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Tricuspid Regurgitation

Answer: A. Mitral Stenosis

Mitral stenosis classically presents with an opening snap followed by a low-pitched mid-diastolic murmur.

MCQ 35

Which medication is commonly used to terminate paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)?

A. Aspirin
B. Adenosine
C. Digoxin
D. Furosemide

Answer: B. Adenosine

Adenosine temporarily blocks AV nodal conduction and is highly effective in AV node-dependent tachycardias.

MCQ 36

Which condition commonly causes left ventricular hypertrophy?

A. Chronic Hypertension
B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Hyperthyroidism

Answer: A. Chronic Hypertension

Long-standing hypertension increases afterload, leading to compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy.

MCQ 37

Which ECG lead is most useful for identifying inferior wall myocardial infarction?

A. V1–V3
B. V4–V6
C. II, III, aVF
D. I and aVL

Answer: C. II, III, aVF

Inferior wall MI produces ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF.

MCQ 38

Which heart sound is normally produced by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves?

A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4

Answer: A. S1

S1 marks the beginning of systole and results from closure of the atrioventricular valves.

MCQ 39

Which anticoagulant is preferred for immediate treatment of pulmonary embolism?

A. Aspirin
B. Low Molecular Weight Heparin
C. Clopidogrel
D. Warfarin Alone

Answer: B. Low Molecular Weight Heparin

LMWH provides rapid anticoagulation and is commonly initiated before transitioning to long-term therapy when appropriate.

MCQ 40

Which congenital heart disease is the most common overall?

A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Atrial Septal Defect
C. Ventricular Septal Defect
D. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer: C. Ventricular Septal Defect

Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease worldwide.

MCQ 41

Which antihypertensive drug class is contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis?

A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Beta-blockers
D. Diuretics

Answer: B. ACE Inhibitors

ACE inhibitors may precipitate acute kidney injury in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis.

MCQ 42

Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with shortened QT interval?

A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia

Answer: A. Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia shortens ventricular repolarization, leading to a shortened QT interval.

MCQ 43

Which medication is recommended to reduce mortality after STEMI?

A. Beta-blockers
B. Antacids
C. Diazepam
D. Salbutamol

Answer: A. Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand and improve long-term survival in appropriate patients after myocardial infarction.

MCQ 44

Which cardiac enzyme rises earliest after myocardial infarction?

A. CK-MB
B. Troponin
C. Myoglobin
D. LDH

Answer: C. Myoglobin

Although myoglobin rises earliest, troponin remains the preferred biomarker because of its superior specificity.

MCQ 45

Which condition is characterized by pulsus paradoxus?

A. Cardiac Tamponade
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Aortic Regurgitation
D. Stable Angina

Answer: A. Cardiac Tamponade

Pulsus paradoxus is an important clinical sign of cardiac tamponade and severe asthma.

MCQ 46

Which ECG finding is typical of left bundle branch block (LBBB)?

A. Narrow QRS Complex
B. QRS Duration ≥120 ms
C. Short PR Interval
D. Peaked P Waves

Answer: B. QRS Duration ≥120 ms

LBBB causes delayed ventricular depolarization, producing a broad QRS complex.

MCQ 47

Which medication is recommended for symptomatic chronic heart failure with fluid overload?

A. Furosemide
B. Aspirin
C. Adenosine
D. Atropine

Answer: A. Furosemide

Loop diuretics improve symptoms by relieving pulmonary and peripheral congestion. However, they have not been shown to reduce mortality.

MCQ 48

Which cardiac condition is most strongly associated with Marfan syndrome?

A. Aortic Root Dilatation
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Pulmonary Stenosis
D. Ventricular Septal Defect

Answer: A. Aortic Root Dilatation

Patients with Marfan syndrome are at increased risk of aortic root dilatation, aneurysm formation, and aortic dissection.

MCQ 49

Which ECG change is most characteristic of acute STEMI?

A. ST Depression
B. ST Elevation
C. Prolonged PR Interval
D. U Waves

Answer: B. ST Elevation

Persistent ST-segment elevation indicates acute transmural myocardial injury requiring urgent reperfusion therapy.

MCQ 50

Which drug is contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis because it may cause profound hypotension?

A. Nitroglycerin
B. Aspirin
C. Atorvastatin
D. Clopidogrel

Answer: A. Nitroglycerin

Vasodilators should be used cautiously in severe aortic stenosis because cardiac output is relatively fixed.

MCQ 51

The most common cause of secondary hypertension is:

A. Renal Disease
B. Pheochromocytoma
C. Cushing Syndrome
D. Coarctation of Aorta

Answer: A. Renal Disease

MCQ 52

Which antiarrhythmic belongs to Vaughan-Williams Class III?

A. Lidocaine
B. Flecainide
C. Amiodarone
D. Verapamil

Answer: C. Amiodarone

MCQ 53

Which congenital heart disease is associated with Down syndrome?

A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Complete AV Septal Defect
C. Coarctation of Aorta
D. Transposition of Great Arteries

Answer: B. Complete AV Septal Defect

MCQ 54

Which electrolyte disturbance predisposes to Torsades de Pointes?

A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hyperchloremia

Answer: B. Hypokalemia

MCQ 55

Which drug is preferred for rate control in atrial fibrillation with preserved ejection fraction?

A. Metoprolol
B. Adenosine
C. Atropine
D. Dobutamine

Answer: A. Metoprolol

MCQ 56

Which murmur becomes louder during expiration?

A. Tricuspid Regurgitation
B. Pulmonary Stenosis
C. Mitral Regurgitation
D. Pulmonary Regurgitation

Answer: C. Mitral Regurgitation

Left-sided murmurs generally become louder during expiration.

MCQ 57

Which investigation is most sensitive for detecting infective endocarditis vegetations?

A. ECG
B. Chest X-ray
C. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
D. Cardiac CT

Answer: C. Transesophageal Echocardiography

MCQ 58

Which artery is commonly involved in an anterior myocardial infarction?

A. RCA
B. LAD
C. Circumflex
D. PDA

Answer: B. Left Anterior Descending (LAD)

MCQ 59

Which medication improves survival in patients after myocardial infarction?

A. ACE Inhibitor
B. Digoxin
C. Verapamil
D. Adenosine

Answer: A. ACE Inhibitor

MCQ 60

Which ECG feature is typical of atrial flutter?

A. Delta Waves
B. Saw-Tooth Flutter Waves
C. U Waves
D. ST Elevation

Answer: B. Saw-Tooth Flutter Waves

MCQ 61

Which heart valve is most commonly infected in intravenous drug users?

A. Mitral Valve
B. Tricuspid Valve
C. Aortic Valve
D. Pulmonary Valve

Answer: B. Tricuspid Valve

MCQ 62

Which congenital heart disease presents with differential cyanosis?

A. PDA with Eisenmenger Syndrome
B. ASD
C. VSD
D. Pulmonary Stenosis

Answer: A. PDA with Eisenmenger Syndrome

MCQ 63

Which medication is recommended as first-line treatment for chronic stable heart failure according to current guidelines?

A. ACE Inhibitor or ARNI
B. Digoxin Alone
C. Verapamil
D. Aspirin

Answer: A. ACE Inhibitor or ARNI

MCQ 64

Which physical finding is classically associated with severe aortic regurgitation?

A. Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
B. Water Hammer Pulse
C. Pulsus Alternans
D. Pulsus Bisferiens

Answer: B. Water Hammer Pulse

A collapsing (water hammer) pulse is a classic clinical sign of significant aortic regurgitation.

MCQ 65

Which cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults?

A. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
B. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
C. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
D. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Answer: C. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.

MCQ 66

Which ECG abnormality is classically seen in pulmonary embolism?

A. Delta Wave
B. S1Q3T3 Pattern
C. U Wave
D. Short QT Interval

Answer: B. S1Q3T3 Pattern

The S1Q3T3 pattern is a classic but relatively uncommon ECG finding in acute pulmonary embolism.

MCQ 67

Which medication is the first choice for anaphylactic shock with cardiovascular collapse?

A. Hydrocortisone
B. Chlorpheniramine
C. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
D. Salbutamol

Answer: C. Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

MCQ 68

Which pacing mode senses and paces both atrium and ventricle?

A. VVI
B. AAI
C. DDD
D. VOO

Answer: C. DDD

MCQ 69

Which antihypertensive medication commonly causes ankle edema?

A. Ramipril
B. Amlodipine
C. Atenolol
D. Losartan

Answer: B. Amlodipine

MCQ 70

Which ECG finding strongly suggests Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome?

A. Delta Wave
B. U Wave
C. Peaked T Wave
D. ST Depression

Answer: A. Delta Wave

MCQ 71

Which medication should be avoided in patients with WPW syndrome and atrial fibrillation?

A. Procainamide
B. Ibutilide
C. Verapamil
D. Electrical Cardioversion

Answer: C. Verapamil

AV nodal blocking agents may increase conduction through the accessory pathway and worsen the arrhythmia.

MCQ 72

Which condition commonly causes pulsus alternans?

A. Severe Left Ventricular Failure
B. Pulmonary Embolism
C. Pericarditis
D. Aortic Stenosis

Answer: A. Severe Left Ventricular Failure

MCQ 73

Which congenital heart disease is associated with Turner syndrome?

A. PDA
B. Coarctation of the Aorta
C. ASD
D. TOF

Answer: B. Coarctation of the Aorta

MCQ 74

Which medication is recommended for acute pulmonary edema?

A. Furosemide
B. Atropine
C. Digoxin
D. Adenosine

Answer: A. Furosemide

MCQ 75

Which investigation confirms pulmonary hypertension?

A. ECG
B. Echocardiography
C. Chest X-ray
D. Right Heart Catheterization

Answer: D. Right Heart Catheterization

Right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension.

MCQ 76

Which organism is the most common cause of subacute infective endocarditis?

A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Viridans Streptococci
C. Enterococcus faecalis
D. Candida albicans

Answer: B. Viridans Streptococci

MCQ 77

Which lipid-lowering drug inhibits PCSK9?

A. Fenofibrate
B. Ezetimibe
C. Evolocumab
D. Niacin

Answer: C. Evolocumab

MCQ 78

Which medication is indicated for reversal of heparin overdose?

A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine Sulfate
C. Idarucizumab
D. Tranexamic Acid

Answer: B. Protamine Sulfate

MCQ 79

Which artery supplies the SA node in most individuals?

A. Left Main Coronary Artery
B. Circumflex Artery
C. Right Coronary Artery
D. LAD

Answer: C. Right Coronary Artery

MCQ 80

Which complication is most feared after acute myocardial infarction during the first 24 hours?

A. Ventricular Fibrillation
B. Dressler Syndrome
C. Left Ventricular Aneurysm
D. Mitral Stenosis

Answer: A. Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of early death following acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, continuous cardiac monitoring is essential.

MCQ 81

Which biomarker is considered the gold standard for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction?

A. CK-MB
B. Myoglobin
C. Cardiac Troponin I/T
D. LDH

Answer: C. Cardiac Troponin I/T

Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for myocardial injury.

MCQ 82

Which antihypertensive drug is contraindicated during pregnancy?

A. Labetalol
B. Methyldopa
C. Nifedipine
D. Enalapril

Answer: D. Enalapril

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy because of fetal toxicity.

MCQ 83

Which valve is most commonly affected in rheumatic heart disease?

A. Pulmonary Valve
B. Mitral Valve
C. Tricuspid Valve
D. Aortic Valve

Answer: B. Mitral Valve

MCQ 84

Which congenital heart disease is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in adults?

A. Transposition of Great Arteries
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Tricuspid Atresia
D. Ebstein Anomaly

Answer: B. Tetralogy of Fallot

MCQ 85

Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?

A. Peaked T Waves
B. Delta Waves
C. Prolonged QT Interval
D. U Waves

Answer: A. Peaked T Waves

MCQ 86

Which medication is recommended to reduce mortality in HFrEF?

A. Digoxin Alone
B. Verapamil
C. SGLT2 Inhibitor
D. Diltiazem

Answer: C. SGLT2 Inhibitor

SGLT2 inhibitors have become part of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

MCQ 87

Which coronary artery is most commonly involved in inferior myocardial infarction?

A. LAD
B. RCA
C. Left Main
D. Circumflex

Answer: B. Right Coronary Artery

MCQ 88

Which murmur radiates to the carotid arteries?

A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Tricuspid Regurgitation

Answer: C. Aortic Stenosis

MCQ 89

Which condition is associated with electrical alternans on ECG?

A. Pulmonary Embolism
B. Cardiac Tamponade
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Hypertension

Answer: B. Cardiac Tamponade

MCQ 90

Which antihypertensive drug is preferred after myocardial infarction?

A. ACE Inhibitor
B. Hydralazine Alone
C. Minoxidil
D. Alpha-blocker

Answer: A. ACE Inhibitor

MCQ 91

Which arrhythmia has the highest risk of sudden cardiac death if untreated?

A. Sinus Tachycardia
B. Atrial Flutter
C. Ventricular Fibrillation
D. First-Degree AV Block

Answer: C. Ventricular Fibrillation

MCQ 92

Which congenital heart disease is associated with a fixed split second heart sound?

A. PDA
B. ASD
C. TOF
D. VSD

Answer: B. Atrial Septal Defect

MCQ 93

Which investigation is the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease?

A. Exercise ECG
B. Echocardiography
C. Coronary Angiography
D. Chest X-ray

Answer: C. Coronary Angiography

MCQ 94

Which medication should routinely be prescribed after coronary stent implantation unless contraindicated?

A. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
B. Digoxin
C. Verapamil Alone
D. Furosemide

Answer: A. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

MCQ 95

Which ECG change is most suggestive of hypokalemia?

A. Tall T Waves
B. U Waves
C. ST Elevation
D. Short QT

Answer: B. U Waves

MCQ 96

Which medication is the antidote for dabigatran?

A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine Sulfate
C. Idarucizumab
D. Tranexamic Acid

Answer: C. Idarucizumab

MCQ 97

Which medication is preferred for chronic stable angina to reduce myocardial oxygen demand?

A. Beta-blocker
B. Dobutamine
C. Dopamine
D. Adenosine

Answer: A. Beta-blocker

MCQ 98

Which inherited disorder commonly causes markedly elevated LDL cholesterol and premature coronary artery disease?

A. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
B. Marfan Syndrome
C. Wilson Disease
D. Hemochromatosis

Answer: A. Familial Hypercholesterolemia

MCQ 99

Which investigation is the gold standard for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction?

A. Chest X-ray
B. Echocardiography
C. Cardiac MRI
D. ECG

Answer: C. Cardiac MRI

Cardiac MRI provides the most accurate and reproducible measurement of ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, although echocardiography is the most commonly used first-line test in routine clinical practice.

MCQ 100

According to current heart failure guidelines, which four medication classes form the foundation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF?

A. Digoxin, Aspirin, Nitrates, Diuretics
B. ACEI/ARNI, Evidence-based Beta-blocker, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor
C. Calcium Channel Blocker, Alpha-blocker, Statin, Diuretic
D. Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Warfarin, Digoxin

Answer: B.

The four pillars of modern HFrEF therapy include an ACE inhibitor/ARNI, an evidence-based beta-blocker, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and an SGLT2 inhibitor, unless contraindicated.